Norman
Invasion of England,
(1066)
-William the
Conqueror, Duke of Normandy and a vassal of the French
king, conquered the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England, and
made himself King of England. Resulting from this, the
English and French royal families would fight many bloody
wars trying to settle who was supposed to rule what.
William's family acquired lands throughout France and
ruled them as Englishmen, which really upset the French
kings. This is a pretty watered-down, basic description
of this rivalry, but these two nations have fought many,
many wars, and William's conquest of England was the
starting point for many of the earlier ones.
Anglo-French War, (1109-1113)
Anglo-French War, (1116-1119)
Anglo-French War, (1123-1135)
Anglo-French War, (1159-1189)
Anglo-French War, (1202-1204)
Anglo-French War, (1213-1214)
Anglo-French War, (1242-1243)
Anglo-French War, (1294-1298)
Anglo-French War, (1300-1303)
The Hundred Years' War
(1337-1453)-The
Hundred Years' War was actually a series of wars between
England and France which lasted 116 years. Most
historians break this conflict into four distinct
wars.
Anglo-French War,
(1337-1360)
Anglo-French War,
(1369-1373)
Anglo-French War,
(1412-1420)
Anglo-French War,
(1423-1453)
Anglo-French War, (1475)
Anglo-French War, (1488)
-Also known as Henry
VII's Invasion of Brittany.
Anglo-French War, (1489-1492)
-Also known as Henry
VII's Second Invasion of Brittany.
Anglo-French War,
(1510-1513)-Also
known as the War of the Holy League, England joined with
the Pope, several Italian states, Swiss cantons and Spain
against France. King Henry VIII of England won a
favorable peace from France after winning the Battle of
the Spurs on August 16, 1513. The rest of the Holy League
continued fighting France until the Pope Julius II's
death, which helped cause the dissolution of the
League.
Anglo-French War,
(1521-1526)-Henry
VIII joined the Hapsburg Empire in a war against France.
The war proved both unpopular in England and expensive
financially, and the King had difficulty raising money
from Parliament. After 1523, England did not participate
much in the war.
Anglo-French War,
(1542-1546)-Henry
VIII again joined the Hapsburg Empire in a war against
France. The English captured the port of Boulogne and the
French had to accept that when the peace treaty was
signed. The war cost England two million English
pounds.
Anglo-French War,
(1549-1550)-French
King Henry II declared war with the intention of retaking
Boulogne, which fell to him in 1550. This war was
preceded by years of border combat short of all-out
war.
Anglo-French War,
(1557-1560)-England's
Queen Mary drew her country into war allied to Spain ,
whose king was her husband. Very unpopular war with the
English people. England lost possession of Calais on the
French mainland. When Queen Elizabeth later took the
throne, religious and political differences would make
England and Spain bitter enemies.
Anglo-French War,
(1589-1593)-England
was caught up in the great Protestant-Catholic wars
sweeping Europe. England sided with Protestant Dutch
rebels against Catholic Spain and with the Protestant
(Huguenot) French against the Catholic French in the Wars
of Religion, a series of French religious civil wars. In
1589, while still fighting Spain after defeating the
famous Spanish Armada, Elizabeth sent troops to aid the
French Protestants.
Anglo-French War,
(1627-1628)-Also
known in France as the Third Bearnese Revolt, England
came to the aid of Huguenot rebels fighting the French
government.
Anglo-French War,
(1666-1667)
Anglo-French War,
(1689-1697)-Known in
Europe as the War of the League of Augsburg AND as the
War of the Grand Alliance and in North America as King
William's War.
Anglo-French War,
(1702-1712)-Known in
Europe as the War of the Spanish Succession, in North
America as Queen Anne's War and in India as the First
Carnatic War. This conflict also included the Second
Abnaki War. The Abnaki Indian tribe allied itself with
the French against the English colonists in North
America.
Anglo-French War,
(1744-1748)-Known in
Europe as the War of the Austrian Succession and in North
America as King George's War.
Anglo-French War,
(1749-1754)-Known in
India as the Second Carnatic War. The British East India
Company and its Indian allies battled the French East
India Company and its Indian allies.
Anglo-French War,
(1755-1763)-Known in
Europe as the Seven Years' War and in North America as
the French and Indian War. France forever lost possession
of Quebec/Canada. In many ways, England's victory set the
stage for the American Revolution.
Anglo-French War,
(1779-1783)-Also
known as the American
Revolution. Also
involved Spain, the United States and the Netherlands
against Britain. Can also be considered as an
Anglo-French War,
Anglo-Spanish War and
a Anglo-Dutch
War.
Wars of the French
Revolution,
(1792-1802)-The Wars
of the French Revolution spanned a decade of great
political, social and military change throughout the
European continent. After the outbreak of the French
Revolution in 1789, the conservative, monarchical powers
of Europe attempted to extinguish the new French Republic
and restore the Bourbon Royal Family. When several
nations combined against France, the alliances were known
as "Coalitions". Thus, this series of wars are known as
the Wars of the Coalitions.
Austro-Prussian
Invasion of France,
(1792)-In support
of the deposed, but still living French King Louis
XVI, Austria and Prussia invaded France. French
Revolutionary armies defeated the Allies at Valmy and
Jemappes and conquered Austrian-ruled Belgium. France
also defeated Austrian forces in northern Italy,
seizing Savoy and Nice. Can also be considered as a
Franco-Austrian
War and
a Franco-Prussian
War.
War of the First
Coalition,
(1792-1798)-Britain,
Austria, Prussia, Spain, Russia, Sardinia and Holland
combined to fight Revolutionary France. Can also be
considered as a
Franco-Austrian
War
,
a
Franco-Prussian War,
a
Franco-Dutch War
,
a Franco-Russian
War, Anglo-French War, and a Franco-Sardinian War.
Russia left the
Coalition in 1794 to deal with troubles in Poland.
French victories forced Holland, also known then as
the Batavian Republic, to leave the Coalition in 1795.
Prussia and Spain made peace with France in 1795 and
Austria signed the Treaty of Campo-Formio in 1798,
surrendering the Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium) to
France.
This war included the
battles of Neerwinden, Mainz, Kaiserlautern (early
Allied victories). Later, as the Revolutionary
government organized the populace and fielded huge
"citizen armies" commanded by brilliant young generals
like Napoleon Bonaparte, the French won many
battlefield victories.
War of the Second
Coalition,
(1798-1801)-Britain,
Austria, Russia, Portugal, Naples and the Ottoman
Empire combined to fight Revolutionary France. Spain
later joined France against Portugal. Can also be
considered as a
Franco-Austrian
War
,
a
Franco-Russian
War,
a
Anglo-French
War,
a
Franco-Turkish
War,
a
Franco-Neapolitian War
,
a
Franco-Portuguese
War
and
a
Franco-Russian
War. This alliance
against France formed to counter French moves in
Italy; formation of the Roman, Ligurian, Cisalpine and
Helvetic Republics in Switzerland and Italy, and the
deposition of Papal rule in Rome. Naples was conquered
by the French in early 1799 and declared to be the new
Parthenopean Republic.
After the Coalition war
began, France intervened in an internal revolt in the
Swiss Confederation.
The Swiss Revolt
of 1798, (1798)
ended with the
Swiss Confederation dissolved and the Helvetic
Republic in its place. Throughout the rest of the
French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, the Swiss
were effectively under French rule with an army of
occupation in place
Napoleon Bonaparte invaded
Turkish Egypt and won the Battle of the Pyramids,
continuing his march into what is now Israel and
Lebanon. British Admiral Horatio Nelson wiped out the
French fleet at the Battle of the Nile in 1798. Due to
French victories on land against both Turkish and
British troops, the Ottoman Empire made peace with
France at the Convention of El-Arish in
1800.
Part of this Coalition war
is the so-called
War of the Oranges
(1801), in which
France and Spain invaded Portugal. France sought to
end Portugal's trade with Britain, and Spain sought
Portuguese territory. In the Peace of Badajoz,
Portugal promised to end trade with Britain, give land
to Spain, and part of Brazil to France. This
"Brazilian" land is the modern-day French
Guiana.
This war included the
battles of Cassano, Tribbia River and Novi (early
Allied victories). Following Russian withdrawal from
the war due to quarrels with Austria, the French under
First Consul Bonaparte won the Battle of Marengo in
1800. The Coalition collapsed after Austria lost the
Battle of Hohenlinden in December, 1800 and signed the
Peace of Luneville in February, 1801.
War of the Third
Coalition,
(1805-1807)-Britain,
Austria, Russia, Portugal, Naples and the Ottoman
Empire combined to fight Revolutionary France. Can
also be considered as a
Franco-Austrian
War
,
a
Franco-Russian
War,
a
Anglo-French
War,
a
Franco-Turkish
War,
a
Franco-Neapolitian War
,
a
Franco-Portuguese
War
and
a
Franco-Russian
War. This alliance
against France formed to counter French moves in
Italy; formation of the Roman, Ligurian, Cisalpine and
Helvetic Republics in Switzerland and Italy, and the
deposition of Papal rule in Rome. Naples was conquered
by the French in early 1799 and declared to be the new
Parthenopean Republic. The Coalition collapsed after
Austria lost the Battle of Hohenlinden in December,
1800 and signed the Peace of Luneville in February,
1801.
The Napoleonic Wars,
(1802-1815)
