Norman
Invasion of England,
(1066)
-William
the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy and a vassal of the
French king, conquered the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of
England, and made himself King of England. Resulting from
this, the English and French royal families would fight
many bloody wars trying to settle who was supposed to
rule what. William's family acquired lands throughout
France and ruled them as Englishmen, which really upset
the French kings. This is a pretty watered-down, basic
description of this rivalry, but these two nations have
fought many, many wars, and William's conquest of England
was the starting point for many of the earlier
ones.
Anglo-French
War, (1109-1113)
Anglo-French
War, (1116-1119)
Anglo-French
War, (1123-1135)
Anglo-French
War, (1159-1189)
Anglo-French
War, (1202-1204)
Anglo-French
War, (1213-1214)
Anglo-French
War, (1242-1243)
Anglo-French
War, (1294-1298)
Anglo-French
War, (1300-1303)
The
Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)-The
Hundred Years' War was actually a series of wars between
England and France which lasted 116 years. Most
historians break this conflict into four distinct
wars.
Anglo-French
War, (1337-1360)
Anglo-French
War, (1369-1373)
Anglo-French
War, (1412-1420)
Anglo-French
War, (1423-1453)
Anglo-French
War, (1475)
Anglo-French
War, (1488) -Also
known as Henry VII's Invasion of Brittany.
Anglo-French
War, (1489-1492) -Also
known as Henry VII's Second Invasion of
Brittany.
Anglo-French
War, (1510-1513)-Also
known as the War of the Holy League, England joined with
the Pope, several Italian states, Swiss cantons and Spain
against France. King Henry VIII of England won a
favorable peace from France after winning the Battle of
the Spurs on August 16, 1513. The rest of the Holy League
continued fighting France until the Pope Julius II's
death, which helped cause the dissolution of the
League.
Anglo-French
War, (1521-1526)-Henry
VIII joined the Hapsburg Empire in a war against France.
The war proved both unpopular in England and expensive
financially, and the King had difficulty raising money
from Parliament. After 1523, England did not participate
much in the war.
Anglo-French
War, (1542-1546)-Henry
VIII again joined the Hapsburg Empire in a war against
France. The English captured the port of Boulogne and the
French had to accept that when the peace treaty was
signed. The war cost England two million English
pounds.
Anglo-French
War, (1549-1550)-French
King Henry II declared war with the intention of retaking
Boulogne, which fell to him in 1550. This war was
preceded by years of border combat short of all-out
war.
Anglo-French
War, (1557-1560)-England's
Queen Mary drew her country into war allied to Spain ,
whose king was her husband. Very unpopular war with the
English people. England lost possession of Calais on the
French mainland. When Queen Elizabeth later took the
throne, religious and political differences would make
England and Spain bitter enemies.
Anglo-French
War, (1589-1593)-England
was caught up in the great Protestant-Catholic wars
sweeping Europe. England sided with Protestant Dutch
rebels against Catholic Spain and with the Protestant
(Huguenot) French against the Catholic French in the Wars
of Religion, a series of French religious civil wars. In
1589, while still fighting Spain after defeating the
famous Spanish Armada, Elizabeth sent troops to aid the
French Protestants.
Anglo-French
War, (1627-1628)-Also
known in France as the Third Bearnese Revolt, England
came to the aid of Huguenot rebels fighting the French
government.
Anglo-French
War, (1666-1667)
Anglo-French
War, (1689-1697)-Known
in Europe as the War of the League of Augsburg AND as the
War of the Grand Alliance and in North America as King
William's War.
Anglo-French
War, (1702-1712)-Known
in Europe as the War of the Spanish Succession, in North
America as Queen Anne's War and in India as the First
Carnatic War. This conflict also included the Second
Abnaki War. The Abnaki Indian tribe allied itself with
the French against the English colonists in North
America.
Anglo-French
War, (1744-1748)-Known
in Europe as the War of the Austrian Succession and in
North America as King George's War.
Anglo-French
War, (1749-1754)-Known
in India as the Second Carnatic War. The British East
India Company and its Indian allies battled the French
East India Company and its Indian allies.
Anglo-French
War, (1755-1763)-Known
in Europe as the Seven Years' War and in North America as
the French and Indian War. France forever lost possession
of Quebec/Canada. In many ways, England's victory set the
stage for the American Revolution.
Anglo-French
War, (1779-1783)-Also
known as the American
Revolution.
Also involved Spain, the United States and the
Netherlands against Britain. Can also be considered as an
Anglo-French
War, Anglo-Spanish War and
a Anglo-Dutch
War.
Wars
of the French Revolution,
(1792-1802)-The
Wars of the French Revolution spanned a decade of great
political, social and military change throughout the
European continent. After the outbreak of the French
Revolution in 1789, the conservative, monarchical powers
of Europe attempted to extinguish the new French Republic
and restore the Bourbon Royal Family. When several
nations combined against France, the alliances were known
as "Coalitions". Thus, this series of wars are known as
the Wars of the Coalitions.
Austro-Prussian
Invasion of France, (1792)-In
support of the deposed, but still living French King
Louis XVI, Austria and Prussia invaded France. French
Revolutionary armies defeated the Allies at Valmy and
Jemappes and conquered Austrian-ruled Belgium. France
also defeated Austrian forces in northern Italy,
seizing Savoy and Nice. Can also be considered as a
Franco-Austrian
War and
a
Franco-Prussian War.
War
of the First Coalition,
(1792-1798)-Britain,
Austria, Prussia, Spain, Russia, Sardinia and Holland
combined to fight Revolutionary France. Can also be
considered as a Franco-Austrian
War ,
a
Franco-Prussian War, a
Franco-Dutch
War ,
a
Franco-Russian War, Anglo-French War, and a
Franco-Sardinian War. Russia
left the Coalition in 1794 to deal with troubles in
Poland. French victories forced Holland, also known
then as the Batavian Republic, to leave the Coalition
in 1795. Prussia and Spain made peace with France in
1795 and Austria signed the Treaty of Campo-Formio in
1798, surrendering the Austrian Netherlands (now
Belgium) to France.
This
war included the battles of Neerwinden, Mainz,
Kaiserlautern (early Allied victories). Later, as the
Revolutionary government organized the populace and
fielded huge "citizen armies" commanded by brilliant
young generals like Napoleon Bonaparte, the French won
many battlefield victories.
War
of the Second Coalition,
(1798-1801)-Britain,
Austria, Russia, Portugal, Naples and the Ottoman
Empire combined to fight Revolutionary France. Spain
later joined France against Portugal. Can also be
considered as a Franco-Austrian
War ,
a
Franco-Russian War,
a
Anglo-French
War,
a
Franco-Turkish War,
a
Franco-Neapolitian War ,
a
Franco-Portuguese
War and
a
Franco-Russian War.
This alliance against France formed to counter French
moves in Italy; formation of the Roman, Ligurian,
Cisalpine and Helvetic Republics in Switzerland and
Italy, and the deposition of Papal rule in Rome.
Naples was conquered by the French in early 1799 and
declared to be the new Parthenopean
Republic.
After
the Coalition war began, France intervened in an
internal revolt in the Swiss Confederation.
The
Swiss Revolt of 1798, (1798) ended
with the Swiss Confederation dissolved and the
Helvetic Republic in its place. Throughout the rest of
the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, the
Swiss were effectively under French rule with an army
of occupation in place
Napoleon
Bonaparte invaded Turkish Egypt and won the Battle of
the Pyramids, continuing his march into what is now
Israel and Lebanon. British Admiral Horatio Nelson
wiped out the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile
in 1798. Due to French victories on land against both
Turkish and British troops, the Ottoman Empire made
peace with France at the Convention of El-Arish in
1800.
Part
of this Coalition war is the so-called
War
of the Oranges (1801), in
which France and Spain invaded Portugal. France sought
to end Portugal's trade with Britain, and Spain sought
Portuguese territory. In the Peace of Badajoz,
Portugal promised to end trade with Britain, give land
to Spain, and part of Brazil to France. This
"Brazilian" land is the modern-day French
Guiana.
This
war included the battles of Cassano, Tribbia River and
Novi (early Allied victories). Following Russian
withdrawal from the war due to quarrels with Austria,
the French under First Consul Bonaparte won the Battle
of Marengo in 1800. The Coalition collapsed after
Austria lost the Battle of Hohenlinden in December,
1800 and signed the Peace of Luneville in February,
1801.
The Napoleonic Wars,
(1802-1815)
War of the Second Coalition
(1798-1801)-Britain, Austria, Russia, Portugal,
Naples and the Ottoman Empire combined to fight
Revolutionary France. Spain later joined France against
Portugal. This alliance against France formed to counter
French moves in Italy; formation of the Roman, Ligurian,
Cisalpine and Helvetic Republics in Switzerland and
Italy, and the deposition of Papal rule in Rome. Naples
was conquered by the French in early 1799 and declared to
be the new Parthenopean Republic. Napoleon Bonaparte
invaded Turkish Egypt and won the Battle of the Pyramids,
continuing his march into what is now Israel and Lebanon.
British Admiral Horatio Nelson wiped out the French fleet
at the Battle of the Nile in 1798. Due to French
victories on land against both Turkish and British
troops, the Ottoman Empire made peace with France at the
Convention of El-Arish in 1800.
Anglo-French War (1803-1814)--While other
European nations waged war and then sued for peace
against Napoleonic France, Britain was in a continual
state of war against France from 1803 through the first
defeat of Napoleon in 1814.
Peninsular War (1807-1814)-This war began with
the French Invasions of Portugal and Spain, and also
included Great Britain, who sent forces to help the
Portuguese and Spanish drive out the French. From the
British perspective, the Peninsular War was a part of the
long-running war between Britain and France from 1803 to
1814.
