The History Guy:
Soldiers in the Vietnam War
Click on the links immediately below to view a particular set of conflicts. Under each set of conflicts, ( for example, "Wars of the United States"), you will find more blue links leading to pages devoted to each individual conflict.
War List Page Format: the format used for these lists is fairly simple. If a conflict can be broken up into one or more component parts, the secondary wars are listed below the primary war and are indented to show they "belong" to it.
An example: Second Indochina War (1956-1975)Vietnam War (1964-1973)--The "advisory" phase of U.S. involvement goes from 1956 to 1964, and then resumes from 1973 to 1975. The years 1964 to 1973 refer to the period of "official" combat deployment of U.S. forces in the war.Cambodian Civil War (1970-1975)
Laotian Civil War (1960-1975)
In this example, the wars in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos are all considered to be part of the larger "Second Indochina War." The blue link signifies a separate page exists for this war.
**One last note: The names of some categories, such as "Wars of the United States", are merely to show what wars the U.S. has fought. This title is not to imply that conflicts such as World War 2 were entirely an American conflict. For example, "Wars of Iraq" or "Wars of Mexico" show wars fought by those nations.
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Wars of European Nations |
Wars of African Nations |
Wars of Asian Nations |
Wars of North American Nations |
Wars of Latin American Nations |
Wars of Middle Eastern Nations |
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Sino-Tibetan Wars --Wars and Conflicts Between Tibet and China |
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Wars of the Hapsburg Empire (Austria Hungary) from 1815 to 1918
Revolution of 1848 (1848-1849)-Austrian government and Russia against anti-monarchist rebels and Czech and Hungarian nationalist rebels. The revolutionary fervor also led to the Italian War of Independence (1848-1849)
Italian War of Independence (1848-1849)-Italian revolutionaries in Venice, along with the Italian States of Piedmont, Naples and, briefly, Papal State fought against the Austrian Hapsburg Empire. The Italian forces were divided and defeated by August of 1849.
Franco-Austrian War (1858-1860)-France and Piedmont against the Austrian Hapsburg Empire.
Schleswig-Holstein War (1864)-Austria and Prussia crushed Denmark.
The Seven Weeks' War (1866)-Italy and Prussia against the Austrian Hapsburg Empire.
Annexation of Bosnia-Hercegovina (1878)-Peaceful and internationally accepted occupation of Slavic region previously controlled by the Turks. Beginning of prolonged tension with Russia and Serbia. Leading factor in the outbreak of World War I.
Provincial Revolt (1882)
World War I (1914-1918)--Last war of the Hapsburg Empire.
Wars of the Russian Empire from 1815 to 1918
Russian Conquest of Central Asia and the Far East (Ongoing)Decembrist Uprising (1825)-Short-lived military revolt.
Russo-Persian War (1826-1828)-Russia defeated Persia and acquired parts of Armenia.
Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829)-Russia defeated the Ottoman Turks. Related to the Greek War of Independence.
Polish Revolution (1830-1831)-Russian-ruled Poland rebelled and was crushed. Inspired by 1830 Paris Revolution.
The Crimean War ( 1853-1856)-Britain, France, the Ottoman Empire and Sardinia against Russia.
Second Polish Revolution (1863-1864)-Poland rebels waged a mostly guerrilla war. Rebellion defeated.
Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878)-Caused by Turkish problems with Slavic Balkan states. Treaty of San Stefano guaranteed independence from Turkey for Serbia, Montenegro, Rumania and autonomy for Bulgaria. Russia received land in the Caucasus region.
Boxer Rebellion (1900)-Involved Britain, France, Germany, Russia, the United States, Japan, Italy, and Austria-Hungary against "Boxer" rebels in China as well as against the Chinese government. Gave Russia an opportunity to occupy Manchuria, which led in part to the Russo-Japanese War.
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)-Russia soundly defeated by Japan.
Russian Revolution of 1905 (1905-1906)-Popular uprising against the Czarist government. Harshly suppressed by the army.
World War I (1914-1918)-Last war of the Czarist Russian Empire prior to the Bolshevik (Communist) Revolution.
French Wars In Italy This series of wars, part of the ongoing Hapsburg-Valois Wars, involved repeated French invasions of Italy, which at the time consisted of several smaller states and kingdoms. Italy was really little more than a battleground for the two most powerful empires in Europe at that time: France and the Hapsburg Empire, which controlled Austria, Spain, the Netherlands and other areas.
Naples-Fornovo (1492-1497)Milan (1499-1500)
Naples-Gaeta (1500-1504)
Revenna-Novara (1508-1513)
Marignano (1515-1516)
Anglo-French Wars-Wars between England (also known as Great Britain or the United Kingdom), and France.
Norman Invasion of England, (1066) -William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy and a vassal of the French king, conquered the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of England, and made himself King of England. Resulting from this, the English and French royal families would fight many bloody wars trying to settle who was supposed to rule what. William's family acquired lands throughout France and ruled them as Englishmen, which really upset the French kings. This is a pretty watered-down, basic description of this rivalry, but these two nations have fought many, many wars, and William's conquest of England was the starting point for many of the earlier ones.Anglo-French War, (1109-1113)
Anglo-French War, (1116-1119)
Anglo-French War, (1123-1135)
Anglo-French War, (1159-1189)
Anglo-French War, (1202-1204)
Anglo-French War, (1213-1214)
Anglo-French War, (1242-1243)
Anglo-French War, (1294-1298)
Anglo-French War, (1300-1303)
The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)-The Hundred Years' War was actually a series of wars between England and France which lasted 116 years. Most historians break this conflict into four distinct wars.
Anglo-French War, (1337-1360)Anglo-French War, (1369-1373)
Anglo-French War, (1412-1420)
Anglo-French War, (1423-1453)
Anglo-French War, (1475)
Anglo-French War, (1488) -Also known as Henry VII's Invasion of Brittany (a region in NW France).
Anglo-French War, (1489-1492) -Also known as Henry VII's Second Invasion of Brittany.
Anglo-French War, (1510-1513)-Also known as the War of the Holy League, England joined with the Pope, several Italian states, Swiss cantons and Spain against France. King Henry VIII of England won a favorable peace from France after winning the Battle of the Spurs on August 16, 1513. The rest of the Holy League continued fighting France until the Pope Julius II's death, which helped cause the dissolution of the League.
Anglo-French War, (1521-1526)-Henry VIII joined the Hapsburg Empire in a war against France. The war proved unpopular in England and expensive financially, and the King had difficulty raising money from Parliament. After 1523, England did not participate much in the war.
Anglo-French War, (1542-1546)-Henry VIII again joined the Hapsburg Empire in a war against France. The English captured the port of Boulogne and the French had to accept that seizure when the peace treaty was signed. The war cost England two million English pounds.
Anglo-French War, (1549-1550)-French King Henry II declared war with the intention of retaking Boulogne, which fell to him in 1550. This war was preceded by years of border combat short of all-out war.
Anglo-French War, (1557-1560)-England's Queen Mary drew her country into war allied to Spain , whose king was her husband. A very unpopular war with the English people. England lost possession of Calais on the French mainland. When Queen Elizabeth later took the throne, religious and political differences would make England and Spain bitter enemies.
Anglo-French War, (1589-1593)-England was caught up in the great Protestant-Catholic wars sweeping Europe. England sided with Protestant Dutch rebels against Catholic Spain and with the Protestant (Huguenot) French against the Catholic French in the Wars of Religion, a series of French religious civil wars. In 1589, while still fighting Spain after defeating the famous Spanish Armada, Elizabeth sent troops to aid the French Protestants.
Anglo-French War, (1627-1628)-Also known in France as the Third Bearnese Revolt, England came to the aid of Huguenot rebels fighting the French government.
Anglo-French War, (1666-1667)
Anglo-French War, (1689-1697)-Known in Europe as the War of the League of Augsburg AND as the War of the Grand Alliance. In North America the colonial aspect of the conflict was known as King William's War.
Anglo-French War, (1702-1712)-Known in Europe as the War of the Spanish Succession, in North America as Queen Anne's War and in India as the First Carnatic War. This conflict also included the Second Abnaki War. The Abnaki Indian tribe allied itself with the French against the English colonists in North America.
Anglo-French War, (1744-1748)-Known in Europe as the War of the Austrian Succession and in North America as King George's War.
Anglo-French War, (1749-1754)-Known in India as the Second Carnatic War. The British East India Company and its Indian allies battled the French East India Company and its Indian allies.
Anglo-French War, (1755-1763)-Known in Europe as the Seven Years' War and in North America as the French and Indian War. France forever lost possession of Quebec/Canada. In many ways, England's victory set the stage for the American Revolution.
Anglo-French War, (1779-1783)-Also known as the American Revolution. Also involved Spain, the United States and the Netherlands against Britain. Can also be considered as an Anglo-French War, an Anglo-Spanish War and an Anglo-Dutch War.
Wars of the French Revolution, (1792-1802)-The Wars of the French Revolution spanned a decade of great political, social and military change throughout the European continent. After the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, the conservative, monarchical powers of Europe attempted to extinguish the new French Republic and restore the Bourbon Royal Family. When several nations combined against France, the alliances were known as "Coalitions". Thus, this series of wars are known as the Wars of the Coalitions.
Austro-Prussian Invasion of France, (1792)-In support of the deposed, but still living French King Louis XVI, Austria and Prussia invaded France. French Revolutionary armies defeated the Allies at Valmy and Jemappes and conquered Austrian-ruled Belgium. France also defeated Austrian forces in northern Italy, seizing Savoy and Nice. Can also be considered as a Franco-Austrian War and a Franco-Prussian War.War of the First Coalition, (1792-1798)-Britain, Austria, Prussia, Spain, Russia, Sardinia and Holland combined to fight Revolutionary France. Can also be considered as a Franco-Austrian War , a Franco-Prussian War, a Franco-Dutch War , a Franco-Russian War, Anglo-French War, and a Franco-Sardinian War. Russia left the Coalition in 1794 to deal with troubles in Poland. French victories forced Holland, also known then as the Batavian Republic, to leave the Coalition in 1795. Prussia and Spain made peace with France in 1795 and Austria signed the Treaty of Campo-Formio in 1798, surrendering the Austrian Netherlands (now Belgium) to France.
This war included the battles of Neerwinden, Mainz, Kaiserlautern (early Allied victories). Later, as the Revolutionary government organized the populace and fielded huge "citizen armies" commanded by brilliant young generals like Napoleon Bonaparte, the French won many battlefield victories.
War of the Second Coalition, (1798-1801)-Britain, Austria, Russia, Portugal, Naples and the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) combined to fight Revolutionary France. Spain later joined France against Portugal. Can also be considered as a Franco-Austrian War , a Franco-Russian War, a Anglo-French War, a Franco-Turkish War, a Franco-Neapolitian War , a Franco-Portuguese War and a Franco-Russian War. This alliance against France formed to counter French moves in Italy; formation of the Roman, Ligurian, Cisalpine and Helvetic Republics in Switzerland and Italy, and the deposition of Papal rule in Rome. Naples was conquered by the French in early 1799 and declared to be the new Parthenopean Republic.
After the Coalition war began, France intervened in an internal revolt in the Swiss Confederation. The Swiss Revolt of 1798, (1798) ended with the Swiss Confederation dissolved and the Helvetic Republic in its place. Throughout the rest of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, the Swiss were effectively under French rule with an army of occupation in place.
Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Turkish Egypt and won the Battle of the Pyramids, continuing his march into what is now Israel and Lebanon. British Admiral Horatio Nelson wiped out the French fleet at the Battle of the Nile in 1798. Due to French victories on land against both Turkish and British troops, the Ottoman Empire made peace with France at the Convention of El-Arish in 1800.
Part of this Coalition war is the so-called War of the Oranges (1801), in which France and Spain invaded Portugal. France sought to end Portugal's trade with Britain, and Spain sought Portuguese territory. In the Peace of Badajoz, Portugal promised to end trade with Britain, give land to Spain, and part of Brazil to France. This "Brazilian" land is the modern-day French Guiana.
This war included the battles of Cassano, Tribbia River and Novi (early Allied victories). Following Russian withdrawal from the war due to quarrels with Austria, the French under First Consul Bonaparte won the Battle of Marengo in 1800. The Coalition collapsed after Austria lost the Battle of Hohenlinden in December, 1800 and signed the Peace of Luneville in February, 1801.
French Revolutionary Wars.
The Napoleonic Wars, (1802-1815).
See also the page on the Second Hundred Years War between Britain and France
Anglo-Dutch War (1652-1654)Anglo-Dutch War (1664-1667)
Anglo-Dutch War (1672-1674)
Anglo-Dutch War, (1779-1783) -A part of the largerAmerican Revolution. Also involved Spain, the United States and France against Britain.
Anglo-Spanish Wars
Anglo-Spanish War, 1739-1748
Indian Sub-Continent Wars
Indo-Pakistani WarsFirst Kashmir War (1947-1948)Second Kashmir War (1965)
Bengali War of Independence (1971)
Kashmir Border Conflict/Kargil War (1990-Present)
Siachen War (1984-2003) --4th Indo-Pakistani War-The Siachen Glacier is in the Kashmir area, and as such, is part of the dispute between India and Pakistan. Each side fought to maintain control over this strategic area.
Kashmir Border Conflict (1991-Present)-Arising out of the Kashmiri Insurgency against Indian rule. Pakistan offers sanctuary and support to the Kashmiri militants (India claims Pakistani control over the militants), and this leads to ongoing border clashes.
Kargil War (1999)--5th Indo-Pakistani War- A serious border war in which Pakistan directly engaged Indian forces while supporting Kashmiri militants.
Terrorist Attack on Indian Parliament (2001)-Pakistani-supported terrorists attacked the Indian Parliament
Terrorist Attack on Mumbai (2008)--Pakistani-supported terrorists attacked the Indian city of Mumbai, killing 179.
Border Clash and Air Attacks (2019)--India and Pakistan engaged in air attacks on each other and artillery duels resulting from a Kashmiri separatist group's bombing that killed 40 Indian troops in Kashmir.
Assam-Nagaland border dispute (1979?-Present?)
Kashmir Revolt (1990-Present)-This is the internal Indian conflict involving Pakistan. (See above)
Wars of India (post-independence)
First Indo-Pakistan War (1948-1949)--Also known as the First Kashmir War.Liberation of Hyderabad (1948)--Also known in India as "Operation Polo."
Naga Rebellion (1954?-Present)
Liberation of Goa (1961)--A conflict between India and Portugal. Goa had been a Portuguese colony for centuries prior to the Indian invasion of 1961. Also known in India as "Operation Vijay."
Sino-Indian War (1962)--Border war between China and India.
United Nations Offensive Operations in the Congo (1961-1964)--India contributed troops to the UN army which undertook offensive action against rebels in the Congo.
Second Indo-Pakistan War (1965)--Also known as the Second Kashmir War.
Sino-Indian Skirmish (1967)--Also known as the Chola "Incident."
Third Indo-Pakistan War/Bengali War of Independence (1971)--India attacked Pakistan in support of rebels seeking the independence of Bangladesh (then known as East Pakistan) from Pakistan.
Assam-Nagaland border dispute (1979?-Present?)
Punjab Insurgency (1984-1989)--A rebellion in the Sikh-dominated Punjab region culminated in the bloody Battle at the Golden Temple in June of 1984. Follow-up operations in the countryside continued into 1989. India claims the Sikh rebels were backed by Pakistan.
Siachen Operations (1984-2003)--The Siachen Glacier is one of the highest glaciers in the world, and it sits astride the demarcation line between India's and Pakistan's claims in Jammu and Kashmir. Since the mid-'80's, artillery and infantry battles have broken out along this stretch of the border. These battles are related to the ongoing Kashmir Revolt (see below).
Indian Intervention in Sri Lankan Civil War (1987-1990)--India intervened in the bloody Sri Lankan Civil War (which continues into 2000) in support of the Sinhalese majority-dominated government. After suffering heavy casualties and realizing that this was a conflict best left to the Sri Lankans, India removed her troops in 1990.
Indian Intervention in the Maldives (1988)--India intervened to save the government of the Maldives Islands from a takeover by Sri Lankan rebels.
Kashmir Revolt (1990-Present)-This is the internal Indian conflict involving Pakistan and Pakistani-supported Kashmir rebels.
Kargil War (1999)--5th Indo-Pakistani War- A serious border war in which Pakistan directly engaged Indian forces while supporting Kashmiri militants.
India-Bangladesh War of 2001---Border clash between India and Bangalesh
Terrorist Attack on Indian Parliament (2001)-Pakistani-supported terrorists attacked the Indian Parliament
Terrorist Attack on Mumbai (2008)--Pakistani-supported terrorists attacked the Indian city of Mumbai, killing 179.
Border Clash and Air Attacks (2019)--India and Pakistan engaged in air attacks on each other and artillery duels resulting from a Kashmiri separatist group's bombing that killed 40 Indian troops in Kashmir.
Sources on Indian military history:
Chin <Chin National Front [CNF]> Rebellion (1980's-Present)Kachin <Kachin Independence Organization (KIO)> Rebellion
Karen <Karen National Union (KNU)> Rebellion
Student <All Burma's Students Democratic Front( ABSDF)> Revolt
Wars of the Middle East (Wars since 1948)
The Arab-Israeli Wars (1948-Present)
Israeli War of Independence (1948-1949)Suez War (1956)-Also involved Britain and France.
Israeli-Palestinian Conflict (1964-Present)
Six-Day War (1967)
Yom Kippur [or Ramadan] War (1973)
Israeli Invasion of Lebanon (1982-1984)-Also involved Syria and the PLO.
Israeli-Lebanese Border War (1984-2000)-Also involved Syria , the PLO and Lebanese militia's such as Hezbollah.
The First Intifada (Dec. 1987-1993)-An uprising by the Palestinians in the territories occupied by Israel in the 1967 War. This conflict concluded with the Oslo Accords, which set up a timetable for Palestinian nationhood and called for the establishment of the Palestinian Authority, with PLO Chairman Yassir Arafat as President.
The Gulf War (1990-1991)-Iraq attacked Israel with Scud Missiles.
The Second Intifada (Sept. 2000-Present)-An urban guerrilla/terrorist conflict between the Palestinians and Israel. Marked by suicide bombings, recurring Israeli invasions of Palestinian cities and Palestinian guerrilla attacks on Isreaeli settlements and military targets.
Israel-Lebanon/Hezbollah War (2006)
Hamas-Fatah Palestinian Civil War (2006-2007)--Fighting between the two main political factions in the Palestinian lands of Gaza and the West Bank.
Lebanese Civil War (1958)-Also involved the U.S.
North Yemen Civil War (1966-1968)-Also involved Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
Dhofar Rebellion in Oman (1960's-1970's)-Also involved Iran and Britain.
Jordanian Civil War (1970)-Also involved Syria and the PLO.
Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990)-Also involved Israel, Syria and the PLO.
Yemeni War (1979)--Involved North and South Yemen.
First Persian Gulf War (1980-1988)-Iran vs. Iraq-also involved U.S. and Kuwait.
"The Tanker War" (1987-1988)-This is the component of the First Persian Gulf War that involved the U.S. and Kuwait. In an attempt to halt Kuwaiti aid for Iraq, as well as Iraqi oil sales and deliveries, Iran attacked oil tankers in the Gulf. The U.S. stepped in to protect the Kuwaiti ships and became engaged in combat with Iran's Navy and Revolutionary Guards. Also known by the U.S. code-name "Operation Earnest Will."Second Persian Gulf War (1990-1991)
The "No-Fly Zone War " (1991-2003)
Yemeni Civil War (1994)
Yemen-Eritrea Border Conflict (1996?)
Yemeni Tribal Uprising (1998)
Saudi-Yemen Border Conflict (1998)
bin Laden's War (1998-Present) -Terrorist conflict between the United States and irregular forces led by Osama bin Laden. The violence has also involved Kenya, Tanzania, Sudan, Yemen and Afghanistan.
Third Persian Gulf War (2003)-The second major war between the United States-led coalition and the Middle Eastern nation of Iraq. Military members of the coalition also include the United Kingdom and Australia.
Sa'dah Insurgency (June, 2004-Present)-A rebellion by the Shiite Zaidiyyah sect in northern Yemen against the governement of Yemen.
North Lebanon Conflict (2007)--Fighting between the Lebanese government and a Jihadist Palestinian militia calling itself Fatah al-Islam.
Libyan War (2011)--
Syrian Civil War (2011-Present)
Islamic State War (2012-Present)-The Islamic State, also known as ISIS or ISIL, is an Islamic Jihadist group that evolved out of al-Qaida in Iraq. It currently controls significant portions of Iraq and Syria, and is also conducting operations in Libya, Egypt, Yemen, and other areas of the Middle East. It is currently at war with a large coalition of Western and Middle Eastern nations including the United States, Britain, France, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Egypt, and several others.
Border War (1941)Border War (1981)
Border War ( January, 1995)
U.S.-Mexican War (1846-1847)-The United States invaded Mexico and forced the Mexicans to cede the northern half of the country and also to give up any claim to Texas.Yaqui Indian War (1899-1904?)--One of the last of the long series of Mexican-Indian Wars, this conflict began when chiefs of the eight principal Yaqui Indian tribes demand Mexican withdrawal from the Sinaloa region.
Chiapas Uprising (1994- Present)--A rebel group calling itself the Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) began a revolt on New Year's Day 1994. Little fighting has taken place since 1994. The government and the Zapatistas engage in negotiations and public relations battles rather than combat, though several massacres have occurred.
*More wars to be added later.
Mauritania Insurgency (1957-1958)--Mauritanian rebels against the French and Spanish colonial powers. France and Spain crushed the insurgents in 1958Cameroon Rebellion (1960-1963)- Rebellion against the newly independent government of Cameroon by the Cameroon People's Union, a pro-Communist group. French forces aided the government in defeating the rebels.
Tuareg Rebellion in Mali (1962-1964)-Conflict between Tuareg Berbers in the north and the Black dominated government of newly-independent Mali. The Tuareg lost.
Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde Islands War of Independence (1963-1974)- Fought against Portugal.
Nigerian Civil War aka "Biafra War" (1967-1970)
"Mercenary" Invasion of Guinea (Nov. 1970)-Mercenaries supported by Portugal attacked the Guinea government. Nigeria and United Arab Republic (Egypt) sent troops to help Guinea.
Saharan War (1975-Present)-Morocco and Mauritania against the Polisario Front. Mauritania left the war in 1978.
Gambian Marxist Coup Attempt (1981)-Insurgents seized the capital in July. Order restored with the aid of troops from Senegal.
Casamance Rebellion in Senegal (1980's-Present)
Tuareg Rebellion in Mali (1990-1995)-Conflict between Tuareg Berbers in the north and the Black dominated government.
Southern Black Rebellion in Mauritania (1989-1991?)-Following race riots in 1989, the African Liberation Forces of Mauritania (FLAM) took up arms against the Arab-dominated government.
Liberian Civil War (1991?-1997?)-also involved the Nigerian-led ECOMOG peacekeeping force.
Sierra Leone Civil War (1990's)
Guinea-Bissau Civil War (1998-1999)-Also involved Senegal and Guinea-Conakry.
Liberian Civil War (1999)--Rebels launched an invasion of Liberia from neighboring Guinea. Civil war resumed in Liberia after this attack.
Ivory Coast Civil War (2002)--Rebels from the army, mostly Muslim, launched an attempted coup in September, 2002. The government survived the initial attacks, though subsequent fighting left the mostly Muslim northern part of the country in rebel hands.
Tuareg Rebellion in Mali (2007-2009)-Conflict between Tuareg Berbers in the north and the Black dominated government of Mali.
Tuareg Rebellion in Mali (2012)-This latest Tuareg rebellion began in January, 2012, with the return to Mali of several thousand Tuareg mercenaries from Libya, where they served in the Libyan forces of Colonel Muammar Gadaffi. Following the Libyan War of 2011, in which Gadaffi was overthrown and killed, the Tuareg mercenaries crossed the Sahara from Libya and returned home to northern Mali with large quantities of heavy weapons. They began their rebellion against the Mali government in January, and completed their liberation of the Tuareg homeland in April, 2012.
Border Disputes of West Africa (short of full-fledged war)
Mali-Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) Dispute (1960's-1986)-Several instances of armed clashes, the most serious being a four-day battle in Dec. 1985. The World Court mediated and divided the 100 mile-long, 12-mile wide Agacher Strip.Guinea-Bissau-Senegal Dispute (1984-1991)-Border dispute erupted into armed clashes in April and May, 1990. Each side supported neighbor's rebel movements.
Mauritania-Senegal Dispute (1989-?)-Race riots (Black vs. Arab), erupted on both sides of the border in 1989. Artillery fire exchanged in Jan. of 1990. Each nation accuses the other of mistreatment of minorities and of support for each other's rebel groups. Senegal seeks border revision.
Nigeria-Cameroon Dispute (1991-1998)-Border dispute over the oil-rich Bakassi region. A cease-fire agreement was signed in 1996, but each side accuses the other of numerous violations. In 1998, 221 prisoners of war were repatriated. In 2002, the World Court awarded the land to Cameroon.
Ugandan Uprisings (1898?-1899?)--Native Ugandan troops mutinied against their colonial British officers, causing difficulty for British forces fighting Mahdist forces in the Sudan.
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